Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a global health challenge caused by impaired carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to insufficient insulin secretion or decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin. This study examines the antidiabetic effect of the aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum on alloxan-induced diabetic Wister rats. The research involved dividing 50 male Wister rats into five groups. Group A (control), Group B (Alloxan induced untreated), Group C (Alloxan induced + 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum), Group D (Alloxan induced + 200mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum), and Group E (Alloxan induced + 500mg/kg of metformin). The study focused on the levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS). It was found that Group D, which was treated with 200mg/kg body weight of the aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum, showed remarkable antidiabetic property compared to the 100mg/kg body weight extract. The study also examined how the extracts altered the levels of liver and kidney biomarkers in the serum. The results revealed that the treatment groups' levels of urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly (p

Key words: Ocimum gratissimum, Diabetes mellitus, Alloxan, Fasting blood sugar, Extracts