Fig had been proliferated in vitro using tissue culture techniques. However, factors affecting shoot proliferation have not been optimized. In the present study, sufficient protocol for in vitro propagation of fig trees (Ficus carica sp) using shoot tips and nodal explants were reported. High percentage of shoots proliferation (95%) was obtained by culture of nodal explants containing two buds that were excised from greenhouse plants on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1mg/l Kin. Multiple shoots (12 multiple shoots per explant) were obtained after subculture of formed shoots on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP, 0.1 mg/l Kin and 0.1 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3). Subsequently, high frequency of rooting (100%) were obtained after transferring the plantlets to half strength MS basal medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l indole-3-Acetic acid, 0.1mg/l Indole butyric acid and 2g/ l activated charcoal. Rooted plantlets were planted in pots containing a sterile soil and kept in the green house; the acclimatization was performed successfully with 100% survival rate. One year old plants were exhibited normal morphological characters comparing with the mother plant. Genetic homogeneity of the micropropagated plants was evaluated by molecular analysis using nine randomly selected 1-year-old fig plants along with the mother plant. A total of six RAPD primers and 5 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers produced a total of 109 resolvable, reproducible and scorable bands ranging from 250 to 1550 bp in size. Among these bands, 103 bands were monomorphic (94.5%) and 6 bands were polymorphic (5.5%). This low polymorphism ration between mother plants and micropropageted plants indicates the little effect of somaclonal variations, the high genetic similarity between mother plants and micropropageted plants and demonstrates the reliability of our in vitro propagation system for fig trees.
Key words: Micro-propagation, Ficus carica sp, Genetic homogeneity, RAPD, ISSR.
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