Dietary toxicity of Sunset Yellow (SY) (E 110), a synthetic food coloring additive, was evaluated in male S.D. rats, to examine the possible modulating effects of SY on the liver, kidney functions and lipid profile. Twenty-four male S.D. rats were divided into four groups with six rats in each. The control (Group 1) was fed a basal diet without any treatment. Group (2, 3, and 4) received SY by intragastric gavage (i.g.) daily for 13 weeks (161.4, 80.7, and 40.35 mg/kg/day BW, respectively). The doses were chosen below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of the WHO/FAO guidelines. After 13 weeks, a significant elevation in the biochemical parameters of total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, urea and in the lipid profile was found in group (2) as compared with the normal control. Histopathological examinations showed no changes in all body organs except in the livers of groups (2) and (3) which displayed dose-dependent histopathological alterations such as necrosis, interlobular fibrosis, edema and inflammation. The liver's histological architecture of rats in group (4) was almost similar to the normal control. Long term exposure or high daily intake of synthetic colorants such as SY may be considered for risk to human health.
Key words: Sunset Yellow, Sprague Dawley rat, Short term Toxicity
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