Background: Pterygium is a common problem worldwide as well as in Saudi Arabia; it can lead to major visual problems that can be avoided by surgical excision. However, there is a scarcity of data on the incidence of pterygium and related factors in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to show a description of the factors that influence the presence of pterygium in different regions of Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: A self-administered structured questionnaire was sent to the public through online Google forms including questions on ocular disease history, family history of pterygium, exposure to sun, and use of sunglasses in addition to socio-demographic data. Data analysis was done through Statistical Package for the Social Science program version 22.
Results: Females (7) were more likely than males (5) (p < 0.001) to get pterygium, especially in young adults with age ranging between 18 and 29 years (p < 0.001). Also, the central region (4) of Saudi Arabia was the most affected area (p < 0.001). Furthermore, it was shown that the ophthalmic history of inflammation astigmatism was correlated with the occurrence of pterygium (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Female young adults with the previous history of ocular problems, particularly eye inflammation and astigmatism, are more likely to get pterygium. Awareness campaigns should be held to increase their knowledge about the disease.
Key words: Pterygium, eye disorders, vision, Saudi Arabia
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