Mangrove plants are known to produce various secondary metabolites (SMs) such as polyisoprenoids (dolichol and polyprenol), emodin, and luteolin to show anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to predict the multiple activities of the SMs of mangroves based on several enzymes that utilize the in silico method. The properties of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) for emodin, luteolin, polyprenol C80, dolichol-17 (C85), and dolichol-20 (C100) displayed variation. Prediction for Lipinski's rule showed that emodin and luteolin have lower molecular weight compared to polyprenol C80, dolichol C85, and dolichol C100. Emodin and luteolin were further docked with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), beta-lactamase, CYP450-dependent14-alphademethylase, 3C-like protease (3CL-pro), and P-glycoprotein (P-GP) as protein targets using the Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) Ver.5.5 approach. In comparison to celecoxib, ketoconazole, clavulanic acid, remdesivir, and verapamil, emodin and luteolin had higher re-rank scores. The quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPR) depicted that the electronic parameter, highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), was the physical chemistry parameter that influenced the total clearance (CLTOT). The present findings emphasized that emodin and luteolin from SMs of mangroves have multiple activities as potent inhibitors of cancer cells and bacterial infections.
Key words: Emodin, luteolin, dolichol, polyprenol, polyisoprenoid, mangrove, in silico
|
