The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been steadily rising, posing a significant public health challenge. Various factors contribute to this epidemic, including sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy dietary habits, and an aging population. Recent research has highlighted the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic health. Dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in gut microbial composition, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, and T2DM. Understanding this relationship is crucial as T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance, where gut dysbiosis may exacerbate chronic low-grade inflammation and impair glucose metabolism. Moreover, the gut microbiota represents a potential therapeutic target for T2DM management, with interventions like dietary modification, probiotic supplementation, and fecal microbiota transplantation showing promising results in improving insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. This review explores current evidence on the role of gut microbiota in T2DM pathogenesis, highlighting its therapeutic potential in combating this global epidemic. Further research is warranted to elucidate underlying mechanisms and optimize microbiota-targeted interventions for T2DM management
Key words: Gut, microbiota, diabetes.
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