Abstract

This study explores the antioxidant properties and anticancer potential of Cucumis pubescens Willd. (Cucurbitaceae) fruits, focusing on enzymatic, nonenzymatic, and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assays. The investigation reveals the presence of key antioxidant enzymes, known for their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, MTT assay within C. pubescens exhibits significant anticancer effects by inducing cell growth arrest and inhibition. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antioxidant potential and anticancer properties of a human lung cancer cell line (A549). Antioxidant property evaluation methods are carried out through SOD (superoxide dismutase) assay, catalase activity assay, GPx (glutathione peroxidase) assay, and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. GST enzyme estimation established a detoxifying effect, and the MTT assay established the cytotoxic potential of C. pubescens fruits. The fruit extract of C. pubescens showed promising antioxidant properties and anticancer effects. The IC50 (50% inhibition concentration) value was estimated to be 7.5 ± 1.5, which is significantly higher compared to its positive control (doxorubicin). This comprehensive exploration not only enhances our understanding of the health-promoting properties of C. pubescens but also emphasizes its potential as a nature-derived source for medical applications, particularly in the field of oncology.

Key words: Cucumis pubescens, Cucumber, Anti-cancer potential, Antioxidant properties, cell line.