Abstract

Objective: To investigate various risks and protective factors for acute pre-surgical pain.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2023. A total of 114 patients were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out using the Pre-Operative Evaluation Form, which consisted of a demographic sheet along with various assessment tools.
Results: The mean pain score on Numerical Pain Rating Scale was 5.14±3.98. We found a significant positive relationship between fears of long-term consequences of surgery and preoperative pain (p=0.031). there was a significant positive relationship between depression severity and preoperative pain (p=0.009) and a significant positive relationship between degree of optimism in life and preoperative pain (p=0.009).
Conclusion: Psychological factors may play a role in the development of preoperative pain. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to develop effective interventions to reduce preoperative pain.

Key words: Postoperative Pain, surgical procedures, depression, optimism, anxiety, fear.