A pesticide is any substance that has the tendency to kill or repel bugs. Pesticides include Ascarcides, Alogicides, Bactericides, Herbicides, Fungicides, Insecticides, and Nematocides.Pesticides can have acute, or short-term, negative health impacts, as well as chronic, or long-term, negative health impacts that can develop months or years after exposure.Cancers, birth abnormalities, neurological disorders as well as reproductive harm and toxicity, immunotoxicity and endocrine system disturbance are examples of documented chronic consequences. Pesticide exposure causes immediate irritation of the nose, throat, and skin, resulting in burning, stinging, and itching, as well as rashes and blisters. Nausea, dizziness, and diarrhea are frequent side effects. Pesticides are mostly released into the atmosphere during their preparation and application. Pesticides can be taken up by target creatures, degraded, or transferred to groundwater after application; they can also enter surface water bodies, volatilize to the atmosphere, or be ingested by non-target creatures.Photodecomposition, microbes, and many chemical and physical processes can all cause pesticides to degrade (break down into different chemical forms). Pesticides having a slow biodegradation rate are known as persistent pesticides because they can survive in the environment for a long time and these persistent pesticides have adverse effect on environments as well as human health. Pesticide definitions, classifications, toxicity, factors determining toxicity, pesticides in water resources, environmental fate, human health effects, and detection, disposal, and treatment methods are all examined in this research paper. This study article advises that alternate approaches for detecting pesticide residues and other very dangerous contaminants be explored further.
Key words: Pesticides, Hazardous effects of pesticides, Human health, persistent pesticides, biomagnification,toxicity, adverse effect, photodecomposition.
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