Impact of different breakfast habits healthy, unhealthy and breakfast skipping on heart rate variability amongst adults

RMJ. 2024; 49(4): 819-822

Syeda Nayab Qamar, Humaira Fayyaz Khan, Shazia Ali, Saba Shoukat, Madeeha Maqsood, Ghazala Jawwad.

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Objective: To determine the effect of breakfast taking habits on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) amongst adults. Methodology: this cross-sectional study was conducted in department of Physiology, IIMC from September 2022 to August 2023. It included 216 healthy, unhealthy breakfast consumers and breakfast skippers. We used Breakfast Quality Evaluation questionnaire. The ECG of the participants was recorded using power lab data acquisition system. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed for frequency domain parameters including Low Frequency (LFnu), High Frequency (HFnu) and Low Frequency to High Frequency (LF/HF) ratio by software lab chart 8 pro on two consecutive days and average value was considered. One way ANOVA in SPSS version 25 was used to analyze data. Results: LFnu was significantly low in healthy than unhealthy breakfast consumers (p=0.028) and skippers (p Key words: Breakfast, heart rate variability, frequency domain parameters.