Objective: To assess renal biomarkers in diabetic and non-diabetic patients attending the secondary-level hospital of district Attock, Pakistan.
Methodology: This prospective study was conducted in a secondary-level hospital of district Attock from 02-01-2023 to 30-6-2023. A total of 100 subjects were enrolled voluntarily using convenient sampling. They were divided in two groups; group A with diabetes and group B without any illness. Vitals, BSR, HBA1C, cystatin C, creatinine, and urea were recorded. Data were analyzed using MS Excel.
Results: Group A had 27 females, 22 males, and 1 transgender. 33% had good glycemic control as shown by HBA1C and 15% had poor glycemic control and derangement of urea, creatinine, and cystatin c. 11% had poor glycemic control and raised levels of cystatin C but normal urea and creatinine levels. Group B had 37 females and 13 males. 4% had derangement of all three renal biomarkers and another 5% had raised levels of cystatin C. 28% had hypertension, 12% had COPD, 6% had depressive illness, 54% had no chronic illness.
Conclusion: Cystatin C showed promising results in the early detection of renal damage in diabetic patients compared with creatinine and urea. However, the only drawback is the high cost of testing for cystatin C. Considering the long-term benefits of avoiding complications would be much more beneficial despite the higher cost.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, renal biomarkers, noncommunicable disease, nephropathy, neuropathy.
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