This study examined the association between somatotype components and the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and also assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the somatotype components in predicting T2DM for the Nigerian population. This cross-sectional study comprised 170 participants aged 30-65; 28 males and 62 females confirmed T2DM, and 37 males and 43 females control, selected using systematic random sampling from the Endocrine Outpatient Clinic, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Kaduna State. Subjects were somatotyped using the Heath and Carter method. Binary logistic regression revealed significant associations between the somatotype components (endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy) and the risk of T2DM in males (χ2 (3) = 22.546, P < 0.0001) and females (χ2 (3) = 50.750, P < 0.0001) respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis; endomorphy demonstrated a moderate accuracy in predicting T2DM in females (AUC: 0.638, 95% CI: 0.539-0.736). Mesomorphy also showed moderate accuracy in predicting T2DM (AUC: 0.680, 95% CI: 0.577-0.784). In males, all the somatotype components [endomorphy (AUC: 0.844, 95% CI: 0.741-0.946), mesomorphy (AUC: 0.930, 95% CI: 0.874-0.986), and ectomorphy (AUC: 0.876, 95% CI: 0.782-0.969) demonstrated high accuracy in predicting T2DM. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into using somatotype components as predictors of T2DM, which can inform the development of targeted interventions to reduce the burden of T2DM in the population.
Key words: Endomorphy, Ectomorphy, Mesomorphy, Type 2 diabetes mellitus
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