Datura stramonium is widely distributed in most of the tropical and sub-tropical countries all over the world. Seeds and leaves of D. stramonium care in use for several biomedical purposes. This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical constitutes and the in vitro anti-tumor effects of D. stramonium seeds extract (DSSE) and leaves extract (DSLE). The total phenolic, flavonoid, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the percentage of scavenging activity (DPPH%) and saponin content were determined by quantitative phytochemical methods. Furthermore, DSSE and DSLE phytochemical constitutes were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines were used to determine the DSSE and DSLE in vitro antitumor activity. MTT assay was used to determine the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DSSE and DSLE against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells. The effect of DSLE on apoptosis and cell cycle phases of MCF-7 were determined. Results showed that the total phenolic, flavonoids, TAC, saponin and DPPH in DSSE were 11.6 ± 0.8, 50 ± 1.2, 1.57 ± 0.9, 6.2 ± 0.7 µg/ml and 37.83 %, respectively. While these parameters in DSLE were 14 ± 0.9, 97.75 ± 1.2, 4.12 ± 0.8, 8.2 ± 1.2 µg/ml and 65.6 %, respectively. GC-MS analysis showed that the phytochemical compounds in DSSE were different than those in DSLE. Results showed that the IC50 of DSSE against HepG-2 and MCF-7 were 91.9±4.1 and 99.9±4.3 µg/ml, while IC50 of DSLE against the above-mentioned cancer cell lines were 46 ±2.4 and 30.8 ± 1.1µg/ml, respectively. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with DSLE for 24 h in vitro increased their percentage of necrotic, early and late apoptotic values to 8.03%, 11.87% and 2.27%, respectively. DSLE treatment arrested MCF-7 cell cycle in G1 and G2/M phases. Collectively the DSLE showed potent antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activity than DSSE.
Key words: Antitumor, Cell line, Datura stramonium, GC-MS, HepG-2, In vitro, Leaves, MCF-7, Phytochemical, Seeds.
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