Globally, bacteria, parasites, and viruses are the most common causes of infectious diseases that endanger human health. The present work aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antiviral, and virucidal activities of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) that were prepared from the American cockroach body, Periplaneta americana. The chitosan was prepared chemically with a 74.51% degree of deacetylation and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. CNPs were obtained by ball-milling of chitosan and then characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope (TEM). CNPs inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. By TEM investigation, CNPs caused the deformation and rupture of the selected bacteria. Also, CNPs protected the Vero cells and significantly decreased the infectivity titers of human adenovirus 40 and coxsackie B4 virus. In conclusion, this study indicated that applying the CNPs from the American cockroach is significant in decreasing the risk of infectious microorganisms
Key words: Antibacterial; Antiviral; Chitosan nanoparticles; Cockroach; Periplaneta americana
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