Socialist realism is one of the subbranches of the school of realism in which it emphasizes the objectivity and reality of society with a view to oppression and rises in direct opposition to power-oriented thinking and the accumulation of power and wealth among certain classes. In fact, socialist realism is the cry of the proletariat for the oppression of the capitalist system, and "it emerged in a situation in which centuries of authoritarian rule over the people led to the accumulation of an infinite revolutionary force in them." In fact, "this branch of realism, based on the importance of labor and labor and its value in building a socialist society (handing over power to the people), became very popular and influential in the Soviet society of those days. In Iran, after the constitutional movement, socialist realism attracted the attention of Iranian writers such as Bozorg Alavi, Ali Ashraf Darvishian, Simin Daneshvar, and Jalal Al-Ahmad. Another Iranian writer who created works within this school is Ahmad Mahmoud, who is a writer and has paid much attention to the problems and social anomalies of his society, especially in the southern climate. Neighbors novel is one of the valuable works in which the author depicts different people from different strata of society. What makes the novel Neighbors a thought-provoking work are the different characteristics of individuals in different classes of society. Accordingly, this novel can be considered as a big step towards showing the components of socialist realism in Iranian society in the era of the author. The main issue of this research is to find the components of socialist realism in this novel. This descriptive-analytical research seeks to answer the question: What are the components of socialist realism in the novel Neighbors? And in what way did the author portray the events of the society of his time in the novel Neighbors? In this research, the components of socialist realism in the novel Neighbors are analyzed and explained in order to reveal and explain the society portrayed by the author according to the reflection of the ideas of socialist realism in it. The research findings indicate the existence of prominent components of socialist realism in the novel Neighbors, which are: populism (attention to the personality and class of peasants and workers), typology (attention to realism). In depicting war and struggle), professionalism and partisanship (expression of ideology). With the help of these components, the author has tried to show the Iranian society at the same time realism, under the influence of oppression and accumulation of power and wealth of the ruling system on acute economic conditions and the emergence of poverty and suffering in the working class and class conflict.
Key words: Socialist Realism, The Neighbors, Ahmad Mahmoud, Fiction.
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