The aim objective of this research is a review study of the virulence
factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Iraqi patients, where
the world is currently facing a major problem orwe say a war between
bacteria and antibiotics. The most important of these bacteria is K.
pneumoniae and it is one of the opportunistic bacteria and is
considered one of the causes of nosocomial infection, contamination
of wounds , Urinary tract infection and contamnation of operating
theaters. Where these bacteria are distinguished by their resistance to
β-lactam antibiotics to produce β-lactamase as well as having a
lipopolysaccharide and an important virulence factor is the capsule that
resists phagocytosis. An important factor for these bacteria is their
formation of biofilm, which is primarily responsible for chronic
infections because of their resistance to phagocytosis and killing due
to humoral and cellular immunity. The excessive use of antibiotics,
which led to the resistance of bacteria to these antibiotics and is the
main cause of the current problems of the world, as microorganisms
have the ability to develop mechanisms that enable them to overcome
these antibiotics more quickly and difficult to find alternatives to these
antibiotics. Most of the changes that make bacteria resistant to many
antibiotics are acquired changes that are caused by genetic changes or
acquisition of resistant genes that make them resistant to many
antibiotics.
Key words: K.pneumoniae, vieulence factors, β-lactamase, Lipopolysaccharid, Capsule.
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