Diagnosis and control of animal viral diseases in the present scenario is a challenge to the veterinary and
animal sciences. For long, many animal virus diagnostic techniques have been applied to detect the
animal diseases as based on clinical sign and symptom, it is quite difficult to identify the diseases and
differentiate it with similar diseases. Hence, improved and advanced diagnostic technologies are required
to confirm the causative agent. Precise diagnosis of animal viral diseases is critical element in their
control, prevention and eradication to ensure optimum productivity and economic return from the
livestock. There are several conventional and modern diagnostic methods for detection of viral diseases
based on antigen and antibody identification.
The robust and fit-for-purpose diagnostic tests are a key component in the control of viral diseases.
Molecular diagnostic tests in a variety of formats are the mainstay of animal viral disease diagnostics at
present such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT–PCR), Real Time–
PCR, DNA probe, nucleic acid sequencing etc. provide a thorough understanding of accurate disease
diagnosis. Here we have described the general overview of the diagnostic approaches for diagnosis of
important animal viral diseases.
Key words: Animal virus, conventional, molecular diagnostic, Serology, immunoassays
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