Abstract

Cardiac tumors are benign or malignant neoplasms arising from the endocardium, myocardium, or the surrounding pericardium. They can be primary or metastatic. Primary tumors are rare, with a reported autopsy frequency of up to 0.30%. These tumors can occur in the neonatal or fetal period, with an incidence of 0.14% in the latter. Most pediatric cardiac tumors are benign, with approximately 10% being malignant. Rhabdomyoma is the most prevalent benign tumor in children and accounts for more than 50% of all primary cardiac tumors in this population. Multiple cardiac tumors noted during the fetal or neonatal period are commonly associated with tuberous sclerosis. Additional risk factors include family history and other genetic predispositions such as the Carney complex. When clinically suspected, echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging help with diagnosis. Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. This article provides a scoping review of cardiac tumors in children, their epidemiology, histological patterns, diagnosis, and treatment.

Key words: Cardiac Tumors; Echocardiography; Rhabdomyoma; Atrial Fibrillation; Arrhythmias