Abstract

Background:
Livestock farming in Peru’s high tropics, especially in the Oxapampa Valley, represents a strategic activity due to its socio-economic importance, contribution to food security, and adaptation to specific agroecological conditions.

Aim:
This study characterized the genetic composition, herd size, and structure of dual-purpose cattle populations in the Oxapampa Valley and identified breeding objectives and selection criteria to support sustainable breeding programs for both dairy and beef production.

Methods:
The research was conducted in the Oxapampa, Chontabamba, and Huancabamba districts of Pasco, Peru, at elevations ranging from 1,600 to 1,900 meters above sea level, under ecological conditions favorable for tropical livestock farming. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving surveys of 210 producers, technical visits, and participatory workshops that utilized brainstorming techniques. Categorical variables were analyzed across four dimensions: genetic composition, herd structure, breeding objectives, and selection criteria. Analyses were differentiated between extensive (ES) and semi-intensive (SIS) production systems, using frequency analysis and the priority index, processed in SPSS v. 27.

Results:
The results revealed notable differences: the ES predominantly featured animals crossed with specialized breeds (Holstein 46.2%, Brown Swiss 40.3%) and prioritized adaptability. In contrast, the SIS showed a higher proportion of pure breeds (Brown Swiss 35.2%, Holstein 33.1%) and more technical management structures, characterized by larger herds and the use of artificial insemination. Both systems prioritized immediate performance traits, specifically daily milk production (up to 0.582) and yearling weight (0.442–0.536), while relegating functional attributes such as fertility, longevity, and resilience (

Key words: Animal breeding; Oxapampa; Production systems; Selection.