The extreme cold environments harbour novel psychrotrophic microbes. The psychrotrophic microbes have been reported in agriculture as plant growth promoters, in industry as cold adapted enzymes and in medicine as bioactive compounds producers. Inoculation with psychrotrophic strains significantly enhanced root/shoot biomass and nutrients uptake as compared to non-bacterized control and that were sign of alleviation of cold stress in plant growing at low temperature conditions. The psychrotrophic microbes have been reported from worldwide from cold habitats and belong to different phylum including Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, Bacteroidetes, Basidiomycota, Chlamydiae, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Mucoromycota, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Thaumarchaeota and Verrucomicrobia. The most dominant genera belong to Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, Paenibacillus, Providencia, Pseudomonas and Serratia has been reported from the cold habitats. The psychrotrophic microbes have biotechnological applications in agriculture, medicine, industry, food and allied sectors
Key words: Adaptation; Biodiversity; Biotechnological applications; Cold-adapted; Psychrotrophic
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