Viruses are tiny creatures having a core of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, that cause a variety of diseases that can be dangerous at times. Viruses are also responsible for the common cold, hepatitis, polio, rabies, measles, HIV, rabies, mumps, and other disorders. Mild to deadly viral illnesses are all too common. Infected host cells might burst open and perish as a result of viral infection. Without destroying host cells, viruses can still spread disease. They might make the host cells' homeostasis unbalanced, leading to disease. In the body, certain viruses exist in a latent state and known as latency. For instance, a young child may contract the short-term illness chicken pox from the chicken pox virus. The virus might then spend years dormant in nerve cells across the body. Later in life, the virus may reappear as the condition known as shingles. The virus that causes shingles also produces painful skin rashes and blisters. Shingles is a virus-borne disease that is caused by the very same virus that triggers chicken pox. Some viruses have been linked to cancer. For instance, the human papillomavirus (HPV) can lead to cervix cancer in females. Liver malignancy is caused by the hepatitis B virus only when a person has had a virus infection for a long period is viral cancer likely to develop. Certain methods of prevention are accessible, and so are vaccinations, which must be administered at the appropriate time. This study emphasizes important information regarding viruses, shapes, structures, symptoms, and the prevention of various diseases.
Key words: Viruses; DNA; RNA; viral; disease; prevention.
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