ADVERTISEMENT

Home|Journals|Articles by Year|Audio Abstracts
 

54 articles found.


Publishing Year(s)



Click to Change Year(s)

Journal(s)



Click to Change Journal(s)

  1. Effect Of Estimated Waiting-Time Provision On Patients’ Satisfaction With Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Khalid Nabeel Almulhim, Lina Abdulaziz AlMudayris , Zeyad Khalid Alshehri, Ahmed Khalid Alnawah, Danah Abdulaziz Aljeri, Abdulaziz Shary Hadadi
    Saudi Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2024; 5(1): S65-S65.
  2. Perception and Knowledge of Facial Plastic Surgery Among Health Care Professionals at Tertiary Care Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Cross Sectional Study
    Abdullah A. Alamri, Reham AlJehani, Majed N. Alnefaie, Sabah Moshref, Abdulkareem R. Fida
    Materia Socio Medica. 2019; 31(3): 181-185.
  3. Perception and Knowledge of Facial Plastic Surgery Among Health Care Professionals at Tertiary Care Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Cross Sectional Study.
    Abdullah A. Alamri, Reham AlJehani, Majed N. Alnefaie, Sabah Moshref, Abdulkareem R. Fida
    Materia Socio Medica. 2019; 31(2): 125-129.
  4. Level of knowledge of first aid of epilepsy among female teachers of elementary schools in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia
    Maria Suliman Mohammed Aljehani
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2019; 3(10): 855-860.
  5. Blunt Traumatic Tracheobronchial Injury: a Clinical Pathway
    Yasser Aljehani, Ibrahim Aldossary, Abdullah Abdulaziz AlQatari, Farouk Alreshaid, Humood Ahmed Alsadery
    Medical Archives. 2022; 76(6): 430-437.
  6. Exploring Thoracolumbar Pott’s Disease in the Immunocompetent; Institutional Experience Over a Decade and Comprehensive Literature Review
    Yasser Aljehani, Naif ALkhaldi, Lama Althunayyan, Rahaf Alghamdi, Sadeem Aljamaan, Marwan Alwazzeh, Farouk Alreshaid
    Medical Archives. 2025; 79(1): 41-46.
  7. Predictors of Contralateral Recurrence in Patients With Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax
    Hatem Elbawab, Ali Alghareeb, Mohammed Alkhalifa, Layth Almasbah, Battal Albeshi, Farouk. Alreshaid, Zeead Alghamdi, Yasser Aljehani
    Medical Archives. 2025; 79(3): 199-204.
  8. Clinicopathological Analysis of Mediastinal Masses: a Single-Institute Experience
    Zeead M. Alghamdi, Sharifah A. Othman, Dhuha N. Boumarah, Mohammed Sabry Abdelmotaleb, Farouk Alrashaid, Yasser Aljehani, Hatem Y. Elbawab
    Medical Archives. 2025; 79(1): 15-19.
  9. Esophageal Injury After Anterior Cervical Spine Fixation: What Can Thoracic Surgeons Offer?
    Humood A. Alsadery, Yesser Aljehani, Farouk Alreshaid, Yasser Elghoneimy, Omar A. Bamalan, Abdulrahman Alblowi, Jumana Alhelal, Ayman Elbaz, Moustafa Aboollo
    Medical Archives. 2024; 78(4): 290-295.
  10. Efficacy of Mediastinoscopy in Patients With Isolated Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy
    Yasser Aljehani, Yasser Elghoneimy, Zeead Alghamdi, Farouk T. Alreshaid, Humood A. Alsadery, Sharifah Othman, Omar A. Bamalan, Moustafa Aboollo
    Medical Archives. 2023; 77(6): 477-481.
  11. Pain relief in the emergency department using intravenous lidocaine versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids
    Mazi Mohammed Alanazi, Nourah A. Bin Klaib, Hana T. Alqahtani, Hatun Mohammed Alnami, Ahmed M. A. Thabet, Danah M. Aljehani, Raghad Ahmad Alsukhayri, Masooma H. Alkhayer, Fatema A. Zabeel, Zainab Ali Abdulhusain
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2024; 8(11): 3364-3369.
  12. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.
    Khalifa S. Al-Khalifa, Dana O. Alakloby, Danah Alsubaii, Raghad Asiri, Reem Alsaif, Amal Asiri, Hassan S. Halawany4, Mahmoud H. Al -Johani
    Acta Informatica Medica. 2025; 33(4): 304-312.
  13. Role of airway microbe in development of pediatric asthma: a systematic review
    Nourhan Waleed Jastaniah, Nouf Aljehani
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2023; 7(11): 1520-1524.
  14. Prevalence and risk factors of Pterygium in Saudi Arabia
    Khaled Abdullah Alqurashi, Ahmad Z. Alamri, Danah Hamdan Hmoud Althomaly, Haneen Saad Alalyani, Salam Alshaikh Khaled
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2020; 4(7): 1036-1040.
  15. Impact of stigma on psychological help-seeking behavior in the general population - a systematic review
    Jana Youness Alnassar, Atheer Ayed Alshutayli, Afnan Yousef Almadhi, Jenan Dawood Alromaih, Danah Mohsen A Almutairi, Tameem Abdulaziz Alhomaid
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2024; 8(11): 3376-3386.
  16. Prevalence of glaucoma among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Taif city
    Talal Althomali, Danah Salman Alrabie, Alhanouf Fahad Alboqami, Eatezaz Mohammed Alnefaie, Bader Alwan Albaradi, Raad Abdulrahman Alotaibi, Abdullah Ahmed Khodhari
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2026; 10(2): 610-616.
  17. The Influence of Dietary Habits on the Academic Performance of Jouf University Undergraduate Students.
    Marwa ِ El Naggar, Ahlam Omar Alruwaili, Danah Naif Alruwaili, Rahaf Mushabab Alghtani, Rawand Aluwaili,, Noor Mohammed Alshamari, Alreem Abdul Aziz Alabbas, Wesam Ziad Alanazi,
    Journal of Medical Research and Reviews. 2026; 5(1): 10-17.
  18. Ulcerative colitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    Kamal Hazem A. Salama, Waleed Aljehani
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2022; 6(6): 891-894.
  19. Quality of life of women with endometriosis: a systematic review
    Manal Hassan AlHarbi, Raghad Ziyad Almubarak, Safana Mohammad AlOmar, Norah Hejji Almazrou, Bader Fatani, Danah Almubarak
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2024; 8(12): 3676-3683.
  20. A novel case of yamaguchi syndrome in the Saudi population
    Danah A. Albarrak, Fay Arran Alaotibi, Shahad Elyan Alenezi, Rana Ayesh Alshehri, Ihab F. Suliman
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2024; 8(3): 1059-1063.
  21. Prevalence and awareness of cardiometabolic risk factors among university students
    Bayan Fawaz Alzahrani, Raghad Abdullah Alamer, Danah Khalid Alharbi, Razan Abdelrahim, Jumanah Yahya Khayatt, Yousof Mohammad Shah, Yosra Turkistani
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2025; 9(7): 1465-1474.
  22. Knowledge, awareness and attitude of premarital screening sickle cell disease and thalassemia, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
    Amal Zaghloul Moustafa, Amal Abdulghaffar Hafiz, Aroob Mohammedamin Abdulhalim, Ahmed Dakhil Allah Aljehani, Bushra Mubarak Aldajani, Gadir Yaqoub Bokhari, Hassan Musaad Alqurashi, Yousra Mansour Alturki
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2022; 6(5): 711-716.
  23. Medical students’ experience with neurosurgery curricula in three medical schools in Saudi Arabia
    Abdulmajeed Alkhathami, Fadi A. Munhish, Renad Alsaegh, Muteb Alharbi, Roaa Mohammed Aljehani, Mohammed Almousa, Imtenan Ali Oberi, Mohammed Awad Elzain
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2023; 7(11): 1454-1459.
  24. Evaluating the impact of moxibustion on pain management in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review and meta analysis
    Taif Al Qahtani, Lubna Ladnah, Saud Alamri, Mohammed Alshuwaykhat, Jumanah Arafi, Danah Alanazi, Turki Alotaibe, Htoon Alawwad, Hanan Almalki
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2025; 9(8): 1911-1918.
  25. Awareness of general adult population of Saudi Arabia toward Bell’s palsy
    Sultan Abdulrahman S. Alamrani, Shahd Mohammed Rummani, Zainab Reyadh Khamdan, Aisha Mansour Alharbi, Ahmad Mohammed Alshahrani, Majed Abdullah Awaad Halawani, Faisal Khaled Albugami, Danah Mohamed Alghamdi
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2020; 4(8): 1191-1197.
  26. Measuring the awareness, knowledge, and practice of the patients using veneer and lumineers and its effect on periodontium: a cross sectional study in Al-Qassim region
    Waleed Abdulrahim Aljehani, Ahmed Abdullah Alharbi, Abdullah Turki Alharbi, Abdulmajeed Abdullah Alharbi, Mohammed Abdullah Alharbi, Alnashmi Obaid ALanazi, Abdulaziz Lafi Alharbi
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2020; 4(2): 347-351.
  27. Assessment of the knowledge toward sleep medicine among medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
    Danah Mohamed A. Alghamdi, Faisal Khaled Albugami, Wejdan Abdullah BinHumaidan, Omar Ahmed Alharthi, Khaled A. Yaghmour
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2020; 4(10): 1679-1685.
  28. Epidemiological, clinical, treatments, and outcome of patients infected with COVID-19 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
    Sahar Hasan Alsharif, Rehab Mohammed Gaafar, Shuaa Yunis Mandili, Nizar Alsharif, Mohammad Kamel Alharazi, Fawaz Hamdi Aljehani, Khalid Abdullah Alafif
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2022; 6(6): 813-823.
  29. Evaluation of medical students’ understanding and implementation of vitamin D and calcium at a tertiary healthcare facility in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, a cross-sectional study
    Afaf Mahdi Albogmi, Lama Saud Aljehani, Lama Abdulrahman Alharbi, Heba Abdulhafiz Kashkari, Fatma Abdulmoen Fatta, Juman Turki Bagasi, Afrah Mosad Almutiri, Hala Hisham Mosli
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2024; 8(7): 1546-1555.
  30. Reasons for unscheduled return visits within 72 hours to the adult emergency department in Riyadh
    Majed H. Nasradeen, Muhannad I. Althunayan, Alwaleed K. Aljamaan, Abdulrahman M. Aljehani, Fajr B. Alqahtani, Nawfal Aljerian, Mohammed Alhelail, Aamir Omair
    Saudi Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2021; 2(2): 112-116.
  31. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Among the General Population of Saudi Arabia
    Mohammed A Alahmadi, Sara M Radwan, Anwar A Alghamdi, Khuzama M Alaseeri, Shuruq T Asiri, Razan A Alfakher, Reenad K Alharbi, Fawaz H Aljehani, Aymen Alharbi
    Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences. 2025; 13(4): 1-15.
  32. The relationship between TikTok addiction and abnormal attention span among young adults: a cross-sectional study
    Daniah A. Aljehani, Wed S. Almaabadi, Lojain M. Alshamrani, Yara H. Alshehri, Ruba A. Ghamdi, Tahani S. Alzahrani, Amjad A. A. Alsubhi, Ghadi O. Almutaani, Sara A. Alsulami, Waleed A. Alghamdi
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2025; 9(7): 1561-1569.
  33. Effect of orthodontic treatment on quality of sleep/sleep-disordered breathing: systematic review
    Hibatullah Abdulhamid Tammar, Jomana Khalid Abunaji, Raghad Khalid Aljehani, Hadeel Yousef Namnakani, Joud Hassan, Lyan Hani Zahran, Mariam Sami Abdulbaqi, Abtisam Kaki Alsamte, Ali Habib Hassan
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2026; 10(1): 452-458.
  34. Does Increasing Body Weight Negatively Impact Children’s Muscular Flexibility in Saudi Arabia?
    Asma A. Alonazi, Minaz S. Shaikh, Falah H. Alshammari, Fuzail Ahmad, Ahmad D. Alanazi, Danah M. Alyahya
    Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences. 2023; 11(2): 13-26.
  35. Assessment of osteoporosis and its risk factors using the Osteosys Sonost 2000 Ultrasound Bone Densitometer among female medical students at Qassim University
    Mariam Saleh Alharbi, Mayadah Assaf Alawaji, Elaf Abdullah Alberaidi, Rose Khalaf Alharbi, Razan Sulaiman Alharbi, Elan Ahmad Aleidan, Lojain Husain Almutairi, Raghad Badr Aljehani
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2025; 9(7): 1498-1505.
  36. Parental awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms among diabetic and non-diabetic children in Saudi Arabia
    Shahad Mohammed Alshehri, Layan Mohammed Alshehri, Maram Ibrahim Albassami, Danah Mohana Almohana, Meshal Mohammed Alqahtani, Jood Essam Alzohari, Bushra Mohammed Alsaiari, Riad Azzam Kouzeiha, Ahad Abdullah Aldalbahi, Ahmed Hirab Almutairi
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2026; 10(2): 631-638.
  37. Prevalence of Restless Leg Syndrome and Its Impact on the Quality of Life of Medical Students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Mohammed H. Alharbi, Sayyaf M. Alhazmi, Jomanh H. Alnafei, Rayyan B. Bassas, Fras F. Halwai, Abdullah E. Alqurashi, Danah S. Alhajjaji, Jihad A. Muglan
    Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences. 2024; 12(4): 155-164.
  38. Marginal bone loss and mechanical complications in two- vs. three-implant supported fixed dental prostheses: a systematic review
    Thamer Alaswad Alanazi, Mohammed Ahmed Al Attas, Fahad Kraidees S. Alkraidees, Hesham Fahad A. Alsayari, Danah Abdulaziz A. Almoaigil, Hussah Abdulaziz A. Alhudaithy, Nujoud Ziad Y Alyousef
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2025; 9(8): 1854-1860.
  39. Effect of Bariatric Surgeries on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Single Institution Retrospective Study
    Marya Alsuhaibani, Amjad Alharbi, Abdullah A. Alshehri, Essam A. Alghamdi, Raneen K. Aljehani, Soha Elmorsy, Jasser Alshehri, Ali Almontashery
    Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences. 2020; 8(2): 66-76.
  40. Depression and anxiety among patients attending primary Healthcare in NGHA, Riyadh
    Khalid Mansour Alduraibi, Mohammed Nasser Aldosari, Faisal Muthi Abugamza, Ziad Yasser Mandourah, Hamad Saadi Alshammari, Abdulrhman Ashraf alharthi, Danah Saadi Alshammari, Abdulrahman Dhaidan Alharbi, Faisal Sunaid Almuzaini
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2024; 8(5): 1221-1228.
  41. The Frequency and Common Causes of Unscheduled Adult Emergency Department Return Visits Within 72 Hours at King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Dammam: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Malak Jamaan Alzahrani, Ola Hamad Sumayli, Yousef Alhawsawi, Eman Saud Alkhaldi, Omar Oussama Al-Hayek, Danah Abdulaziz Aljeri, Fay Salah Alhamad, Lina Abdulaziz AlMudayris, Mohammad Abdullah Alabdulgader
    Saudi Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2025; 6(1): 272-276.
  42. Safety and efficacy of ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Khaled Ali Alenazi, Shahad Adel Alhemaid, Danah Zaki Al Abbas, Ali Ayad Alobaidi, Meshari Khalaf Alghuraibi, Rana Alqarni, Shahad Hammad, Reham F. Aldirhami, Norah Abdullah Alharthi, Mohamed Hammed Alyoubi, Ameen Alyoubi, Leena Almobty
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2026; 10(3): 950-968.
  43. A Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Medications in Family Medicine on the Health of Pregnant Women and Children: Risks and Benefits
    Najlaa Mohammad Alsudairy, Norah Khalid Alhijji, Bashayr Abdullah Aljafar, Albandari Saad Alanazi, Sarah Hassan Alshaikh, Danah Abdulrahman Alsultan, Zainab A. Ghani Hijab, Hawra Abdulkhaliq Alshali, Sara Adel Aljumaan, Nujud Menwer Alanazi, Ahmad Hussain Aldhairyan
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2025; 9(1): 175-184.
  44. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of telemedicine among the general population in the Al-Qunfudhah governate, Saudi Arabia
    Medhat Taha, Sara S. Alzhrani, Laila O. Alnashri, Nourah I. Alzubaidi, Amirah S. Alzubaidi, Abdulrahim A. Alzaylaee, Raghad F. Bahakeem, Hanan A. Elgendy, Danah M. Alruwaili
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2025; 9(4): 905-913.
  45. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education and specialty choices among clinical year students in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide cross-sectional study
    Abdullah Bukhari, Hamzah Alhamzah, Reema AlDera, Danah Almohaimeed, Norah Albdaya, Turki Alaudah, Abdulmalik Alawam, Asem Shadid
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2022; 6(6): 824-830.
  46. Prevalence, awareness, and determinants of carpal tunnel syndrome among adults in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
    Noha S. Aljehani, Mohammad A. Jareebi, Ali Y. Madkhali, Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf, Ayman A. Akkur, Rayim A. Oraybi, Amjad H. Muthaffar, Raghad M. Alnami, Faisal H. Tawashi, Shatha J. Madkhali, Majed A. Ryani, Ahmed A. Bahri, Nuha H. Abutalib, Nada M. Makein, Ibrahim A. Hakami
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2025; 9(6): 1340-1349.
  47. Cardiac cell regeneration in zebrafish a systematic review study
    Mohammed Al-Shammai, Jawaher Saad Alanazi, Shahad Nazel, Ali Alanazi, Abdulaziz Hejazi, Mahmoud Achira, Amal Alosaimi, Abdulrahman Alhamidi, Danah Alghamdi, Abdulrahman Alsaigh, Murtada Aldahan
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2024; 8(11): 3169-3180.
  48. Workplace violence against healthcare providers in emergency departments in Saudi Arabia
    Faisal Alhusain, Maryam Aloqalaa, Danah Alrusayyis, Khalid Alshehri, Sadaqah Wazzan, Nouf Alwelyee, Aljerian Nawfal
    Saudi Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2020; 1(1): 5-14.
  49. Knowledge and practice of epistaxis first aid among adult population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
    Saeed Mahmoud Mohammad, Abdullah Adel Alsharidah, Mujahed Mohammed Alshehri, Fahad Saeed Al Asim, Amani Shabab Alotaibi, Esra Ali Alghamdi, Ghaida Ali Alghamdi, Saad Awwadh Alnukhaysh, Abdulrahman Mohammed Aljehani, Abdulmajed Abdulrahman Alramih
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2020; 4(12): 2215-2221.
  50. COVID-19 pandemic effects on diabetic patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
    Abdulrahman Abdulmhsen Alshaikh, Maisa Mohammed Abdullah Mallawi, Shahad Yousef Abdulhamed Aljuhani, Rawan Yaqob Ibrahim Mohammed Kareem Alkhotani, Nesrin Mazi Awad Aljohani, Doaa Ahmed Aljehani, Lena Mohammed Jalal Alsayyad, Rawan Ahmed Abdullah Alghamdi, Albatool Mohammed Abdullah Baz, Maha Hamied Atyan Alsayed, Rasha Abdulaziz Alluhaybi
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2020; 4(11): 1912-1917.
  51. Optimizing sedation strategies in ICU patients: a network meta-analysis of clinical outcomes
    Hosam Hadi Awaji, Abdullah Abdulrahman A Alharbi, Lama Mana Alamri, Ahmed Abdulrahman Alqahtani, Rama Mathel Alanazi, Haya Mohammed Alsubaie, Areej Reja Alrashedi, Lama Zaid Alzimami, Hamoud Abdulkarim Almarshadi, Jumanah Abdullah Aljehani
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2025; 9(10): 2584-2596.
  52. Musculoskeletal chest pain presented to emergency department isolated and combined with other causes
    Ahmad Hadi Khormi, Salman Ayidh Alsulami, Abdulrahman Sameer Obaid, Maytham Abdullatif Aldajani, Bader Salem Alsolo, Lojain Mohammed Maawadh, Abdulaziz Abdullah Altharman, Khadija Mohamed H Rashed, Shahad Mohamed Leheidan, Tamim Khalid Abdulrahim, Danah Nasser Alkhaldi
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2024; 8(12): 3822-3826.
  53. The clinical experience of croup at a tertiary care center in Jeddah, Western Saudi Arabia
    Hazem Alhazmi, Bsaim Abdulsalam Altirkistani, Yousof Fahad Allarakia, Dania E. Faidah, Danah Ahmed Alqarni, Wesal Waheed Murad, Shaimaa Ali Alghamdi
    Saudi Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2023; 4(3): 157-161.
  54. Adjuvant TaibUVID nutritional supplements proved promising for novel safe COVID-19 public prophylaxis and treatment: enhancing immunity and decreasing morbidity period for better outcomes (A retrospective study)
    Salah Mohamed El Sayed, Saleh A. Bahashwan, Moutasem Salih Aboonq, Hussam Baghdadi, Mo'men Elshzley, Ahmed M. Okashah, Amr Gamal El Rashedy, Rabab AbouElMagd Ahmed, Yasmeen Talal Aljehani, Rehab El-Tahlawi, Manal Mohamed Helmy Nabo, Osama Hamouda, Abdul-Rahman El-Murr, Tamer Mohamed Abdul-Latif, Hany Salah Mahmoud, Mostafa Abu-Elnaga, Mahmoud Mohamed Hassan
    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries. 2020; 4(9): 1375-1389.


Online Article Submission
• ejmanager.com




ejPort - eJManager.com
Author Tools
About BiblioMed
License Information
Terms & Conditions
Privacy Policy
Contact Us

The articles in Bibliomed are open access articles licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.